![]() ![]() This model placed the sun, rather than the Earth, at the center of the universe. One of the primary figures who triggered this shift was Nicolaus Copernicus (1473–1543), a Polish astronomer who proposed a heliocentric model of the solar system. The transformation during this period was significant because it laid the foundation for modern science. The Scientific Revolution, which took place approximately between 1543 and the late 17th century, represented a major paradigm shift in the way we understand the natural world. The recognition and implementation of women’s right to vote marked a profound societal change.Ĭase Studies of Paradigm Shifts 1. The shift from divine rights and monarchies to human rights and democracy was a significant societal shift. The advent and adoption of the internet radically altered communication, commerce, education, and entertainment. The shift from analog and mechanical technology to digital technology revolutionized information storage, computation, and transmission. The shift from agrarian societies to industrial and manufacturing processes transformed the world’s economic and social structures. The shift from classical physics to quantum mechanics, which revolutionized our understanding of the fundamental nature of reality.Įinstein’s theory revolutionized our understanding of space, time, and gravity.ĭarwin’s theory of evolution through natural selection marked a significant shift in understanding species diversification and adaptation. The shift from the belief that the Earth was flat to the understanding that it is a sphere. ![]() The shift from the belief that the Earth was the center of the universe (geocentrism) to the belief that the Sun is at the center (heliocentrism). Paradigm Shift Examples Paradigm Shift Example For example, the switch from Newtonian mechanics to quantum physics wasn’t simply a continuation of the old theory but a radical departure that challenged the fundamental concepts of matter and energy. This new paradigm isn’t just a revision of the old one, but an entirely distinct worldview. When these anomalies accumulate over time and researchers strive to address them, science enters a period of crisis, characterized by a new paradigm’s emergence. Kuhn identified that paradigm shifts often arise from the discovery of anomalies that the current paradigm cannot explain. The shift from the geocentric (Earth-centered) model of the solar system to the heliocentric (Sun-centered) model.The shift from Newtonian mechanics to quantum physics.Instead, Kuhn argued that science undergoes periodic “paradigm shifts,” or revolutionary changes in worldview. However, and importantly, Kuhn suggested that dominant paradigms are not always fixed. These paradigms are widely accepted among scientists and provide the problems to be solved and the methods for solving them. With a focus on scientific knowledge, Kuhn posited that “normal science” is based on established paradigms, or theoretical frameworks, within which scientific research is conducted. In “The Structure of Scientific Revolutions” (1962), Kuhn identified the concept of a ‘paradigm’ and how paradigms can change over time. ![]()
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